Cerebral vascular malformations are abnormalities in the formation or connection of the brain’s blood vessels.
They include arteriovenous malformations, known as AVMs, and dural fistulas. These conditions have different characteristics and must be evaluated individually.
Some malformations are discovered incidentally during examinations performed for other reasons. Others may cause neurological symptoms or bleeding.
An arteriovenous malformation is formed by an abnormal connection between arteries and veins, without the usual passage of blood through the network of small blood vessels.
This abnormality may alter blood flow and, in certain situations, increase the risk of intracranial hemorrhage.
The presence of an AVM does not mean that every patient will experience the same symptoms or require the same treatment.
Vascular malformations may remain asymptomatic for long periods.
When symptoms occur, they may include headaches, seizures, visual changes, tingling, muscle weakness, difficulty speaking, loss of balance or other neurological deficits.
The rupture of a blood vessel may cause a sudden headache, vomiting, loss of consciousness, seizures or symptoms similar to those of a stroke.
Sudden symptoms or suspected bleeding require immediate hospital care.
The evaluation may involve computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, CT angiography, MR angiography and cerebral angiography.
Cerebral angiography provides a detailed view of the arteries supplying the malformation, its internal structure and the veins responsible for draining the blood.
This information helps estimate the potential risks and plan an appropriate monitoring or treatment strategy.
Management depends on the type of malformation, its location and size, the symptoms, the blood flow pattern and any history of bleeding.
Some cases may be monitored through regular evaluations and imaging tests. In others, endovascular procedures, surgery or a combination of different approaches may be considered.
Endovascular embolization is a catheter-based procedure that may be performed to reduce blood flow within the malformation or treat specific areas considered to be at higher risk.
The decision should be made after a careful assessment of the potential benefits and risks of each treatment option.
Receiving a diagnosis of a cerebral vascular malformation may raise many questions. A specialized evaluation makes it possible to understand the characteristics of the condition and discuss the available options clearly.
Contact Neuro & Coluna Rio to schedule a neurovascular evaluation or request a second opinion.
