A herniated disc occurs when part of one of the discs located between the vertebrae moves out of its normal position and may irritate or compress nearby nerve structures.
The condition may occur in different regions of the spine, but it is more common in the lumbar and cervical areas. The severity of symptoms varies according to the location of the herniation, the degree of compression and each individual’s response.
The presence of a herniated disc on an imaging test does not necessarily mean that surgery will be required. The choice of treatment depends on the relationship between the patient’s symptoms, the neurological examination and the changes identified on imaging studies.
In the lumbar spine, a herniated disc may cause back pain, pain radiating to the legs, electric shock-like sensations, tingling, numbness or muscle weakness.
In the cervical spine, symptoms may affect the neck, shoulders, arms, hands and fingers.
Some patients may also experience difficulty walking, limited mobility or reduced muscle strength.
The evaluation begins with a detailed discussion about the symptoms, how long they have been present, the limitations caused by the pain and any previous treatments.
The physical and neurological examination allows the physician to assess strength, sensation, reflexes, balance and mobility. When necessary, imaging tests may complement the evaluation and help identify the location of the herniation and its relationship with the nerve structures.
Treatment decisions should not be based solely on magnetic resonance imaging findings. It is essential to determine whether the changes identified on the examination are consistent with the patient’s symptoms.
Many cases can initially be managed with conservative treatment, which may include medication, physical therapy, rehabilitation, muscle strengthening and adjustments to daily activities.
When pain persists despite appropriate treatment, significantly affects the patient’s routine or is associated with muscle weakness and other neurological changes, surgery may be considered.
Depending on the characteristics of the case, conventional techniques or less invasive approaches may be evaluated, including endoscopic spine surgery.
The choice of treatment is individualized and should consider the benefits, limitations and potential risks of each option.
Sudden or progressive muscle weakness, difficulty walking, numbness in the genital or inner thigh area, and changes in bladder or bowel control require immediate medical evaluation.
The treatment of a herniated disc should take into account the clinical characteristics and individual needs of each patient. The purpose of the evaluation is to identify the cause of the symptoms and define a treatment strategy that is appropriate for the patient’s condition.
Contact Neuro & Coluna Rio to schedule a specialized evaluation.
